A curb bit is a leverage bit or a type of bit that multiplies the pressure applied by the rider. It is composed of a bit mouthpiece, a curb chain and shank. The purchase arm of the shank has one ring as well as the bottom of the lever arm of the shank. The curb bit can amplify rein pressure several times over, which makes it more severe than a basic snaffle bit.

The bit mouthpiece is the part of a curb bit where the curb chain, shanks and straps are attached. It rests on the bars of the mouth of the horse in the sensitive interdental space where there are no teeth. It acts on the bars, tongue and roof of the mouth of the horse.

The curb chain, which is the flat linked chain or strap, is attached on either side of the mouthpiece near the corners of the mouth. This places pressure from the shank to the chin groove. A curb chain is used to control the lever action of the curb bit. Also, it helps keep the bit steady and in place within the mouth and helps to hold the lip strap in place.

A bit shank is a cheekpiece of a curb bit, which adds leverage and place pressure on the poll through the crown piece of the bridle. This is where the bridle and the reins are attached. Shanks are typically made of metal and are designed straight or curved.

There are many types of curb bit, but the most common are the Weymouth curb, grazing bit and spade bit. Weymouth or Weymouth curb has a straight shank and a solid mouthpiece with a low port. Grazing bit is characterized by shanks that are turned back nearly 90 degrees. Spade bit has straight and highly decorated shanks and a mouthpiece with straight bar, a narrow port with cricket and a spoon.

The severity that a curb bit can cause is based on several variables, such as the length of the shank. The longer the shank, the more leverage is created and therefore the more severe the bit can be. Another variable that can add to the severity is the size of the port, which is the area in the middle of the mouthpiece that is usually slightly raised. The higher the port, the more severe is the bit.

The curb bit has to be fastened properly or else it will affect the severity of the curb bit. The action of the bit is dependent on the tightness of the curb chain. If the curb chain is tight, the horse will feel more pressure when the rider uses the rein. If the curb chain is loose, the horse will not feel the pressure on the chain area.

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